Carry-on and checked baggage: the rules that actually matter
Last updated: July 2026 · General information. Airline policies differ and change, always check your airline before you pack.
Liquids in carry-on
The general rule worldwide: containers of up to 100 ml each, all fitting in one transparent resealable bag of about 1 liter (in the US this is called the "3-1-1" rule).
Exceptions: medicines, baby food and special dietary needs are allowed in reasonable quantities; declare them at security.
Some airports with new CT scanners have relaxed the limit, but this varies by airport and can be rolled back. Pack to the 100 ml rule unless your departure airport clearly says otherwise.
Batteries and electronics
Lithium batteries and power banks belong in the cabin, never in checked baggage. Protect the terminals of spare batteries (original packaging or tape).
Up to 100 Wh per battery is generally fine; 100-160 Wh needs airline approval; above 160 Wh is forbidden on passenger flights.
E-cigarettes: cabin only, and no charging on board.
Cabin bag size and weight
There is no universal standard. A typical full-service allowance is around 55 × 40 × 23 cm and 7-10 kg, but low-cost carriers sell smaller tiers and do measure at the gate; this is where surprise fees happen.
A "personal item" usually means an under-seat bag around 40 × 30 × 20 cm. Check the exact dimensions for your fare on the airline's site before you pack.
Checked baggage and your rights
A typical economy allowance is one bag up to 23 kg where a bag is included; many fares now sell baggage separately.
Lost, damaged or delayed bags on most international flights are covered by the Montreal Convention: airline liability up to about 1,288 SDR (roughly $1,700) per passenger.
Deadlines are strict and must be in writing: report damage within 7 days of receiving the bag, and delayed-bag claims within 21 days of its return. File a report (PIR) at the airport baggage desk before leaving the hall.